Unit 1: Te Ao Māori - Cultural Identity & Knowledge Systems

A transformative journey exploring Māori worldviews, values, and knowledge systems

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Focus Pātai for this wānanga

  • How do Treaty principles guide contemporary decision-making in Aotearoa?
  • What does authentic partnership look like in practice?
  • How can we as rangatahi honour Treaty commitments in our actions?
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Learning Intentions

  • We are learning how Treaty principles apply to contemporary partnerships and power-sharing.
  • We are learning to evaluate examples of successful and unsuccessful Treaty implementation.
  • We are learning to design respectful partnership approaches in our own contexts.
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Success Criteria (ākonga-facing)

  • I can explain the three Treaty principles and their contemporary applications.
  • I can analyse case studies of Treaty partnership using evidence from multiple perspectives.
  • I can design partnership plans that honor Treaty commitments in school or community contexts.

Ngā Mahi - Lesson Activities (75 minutes)

šŸ“ŗ Video Introduction: Understanding Te Tiriti o Waitangi (10 mins)

Before Watching: Think about these questions:

  • What do you already know about the Treaty of Waitangi?
  • Why might a treaty signed in 1840 still matter today?
  • What does "partnership" mean between two groups?

Pātai - Questions to Consider While Watching:

  1. What were the main promises made in Te Tiriti?
  2. How did the English and Māori versions differ?
  3. What does "tino rangatiratanga" mean?
  4. How were the Treaty principles broken or upheld?

After Watching - Think-Pair-Share:

Discuss with a partner:

  • Think: What was the most surprising thing you learned? (1 min)
  • Pair: Share your thoughts with your partner (2 mins)
  • Share: We'll hear from 2-3 pairs about their insights (2 mins)

1. Ngā Mātāpono - Understanding the Three Principles (20 mins)

Foundation Learning: Students explore the three foundational principles of Te Tiriti and what they mean in practice.

1. Partnership

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Meaning: Māori and Crown work together as equals, making decisions that affect both communities collaboratively.

Example: Co-governance of natural resources, shared decision-making in education and health.

2. Participation

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Meaning: Māori have meaningful involvement in all decisions that affect them, at all levels of society.

Example: Māori representation in Parliament, involvement in local council decisions affecting Māori communities.

3. Protection

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Meaning: The Crown actively protects Māori interests, language, culture, and tino rangatiratanga (self-determination).

Example: Te Reo Māori revitalization programs, protecting traditional fishing and gathering rights.

These Principles Apply to All Relationships

How can partnership, participation, and protection improve relationships in families, friendships, schools, and communities?

2. Mana Tohatoha - Power-Sharing in Practice (25 mins)

Scenario Analysis: Students apply Treaty principles to analyze real-world situations and practice partnership thinking.

Key Question: What's the difference between "one group having all the power" and "sharing power as partners"? How do the three principles create more fair outcomes?

Scenario A: School Decision-Making

Situation: Your school is changing its uniform policy. Currently, only teachers and principal make decisions.

🧐 Treaty Lens Analysis:
  • Partnership: Teachers and students working together to design the uniform.
  • Participation: Ākonga having a vote or say in the final choice.
  • Protection: Ensuring the uniform respects cultural taonga (e.g., pounamu).

Scenario B: Family Decision-Making

Situation: A family is deciding where to go for their annual holiday. Parents usually just decide without consulting children.

🧐 Treaty Lens Analysis:
  • Partnership: Holding a whānau hui where everyone's idea is listed.
  • Participation: Children researching options and presenting to parents.
  • Protection: Ensuring the holiday is safe and affordable for the whānau.

Scenario C: Environmental Protection

Situation: A local river is being polluted by industrial waste. The company says it's creating jobs.

🧐 Treaty Lens Analysis:
  • Partnership: Company and Iwi managing the river restoration together.
  • Participation: Community testing water quality and reporting data.
  • Protection: Prioritizing the Mauri (life force) of the water over profit.

Scenario D: Cultural Expression

Situation: A sports team wants to use a Māori design for their logo without consulting local iwi.

🧐 Treaty Lens Analysis:
  • Partnership: Seeking permission and guidance from the design's owners.
  • Participation: Inviting local artist to co-create a meaningful logo.
  • Protection: Ensuring the design is used respectfully and not commercialized.

3. Te Tiriti Today - Living Partnership in Modern Aotearoa (20 mins)

Contemporary Investigation: Students examine how Te Tiriti principles are being applied (or not applied) in current Aotearoa New Zealand.

Education & Te Reo Māori

Partnership: How are Māori and Crown working together to revitalize Te Reo?

Current Reality: Te Reo Māori in schools, Māori-medium education, cultural integration in curriculum.

Environmental Co-governance

Partnership: Rivers, mountains, and forests with legal personhood status.

Current Reality: Te Urewera Act, Whanganui River settlement, shared management of natural resources.

Health & Social Services

Protection: Addressing health inequities and improving Māori health outcomes.

Current Reality: Māori health authority, culturally appropriate services, addressing systemic racism.

Political Representation

Participation: Māori political representation and decision-making power.

Current Reality: Māori electorates, Māori Party, local council Māori wards, consultation processes.

Student Research Task:

Choose one contemporary example and investigate: How well are Treaty principles being applied? What's working well? What could be improved? How does this affect all New Zealanders?

Resources: Use Treaty analysis handout for detailed background information.

4. Whakatōhea - Becoming One People Through Partnership (10 mins)

Personal Reflection: Students consider how Treaty principles can guide their own relationships and actions.

Reflection Questions:

  1. Personal Partnership: How can you practice partnership in your friendships, whānau relationships, and group work?
  2. Participation Commitment: How can you ensure that all voices are heard in groups you're part of?
  3. Protection Responsibility: How can you help protect things that are important to others, even if they're different from you?
  4. Bicultural Aotearoa: Regardless of your heritage, how can you contribute to respectful bicultural relationships?

Personal Treaty Commitment

Write one specific action you commit to taking this week that demonstrates partnership, participation, or protection in your daily life.

Cross-Curricular Applications

Social Studies (Global Context)

Compare: The Treaty of Waitangi (1840) vs The Sami Parliament (Sapmi/Norway).

  • Similarities: Both Indigenous groups have fought for rights to land and language (Protection).
  • Differences: Sami created a separate Parliament; Māori advocated for representation within the main Parliament (Participation).

English

Argument Analysis: Analyze the language of the English and Māori versions. How did translation choices change the meaning of power?

Health & PE

Team Leadership: Apply "Co-Captaincy" models. How does sharing leadership (Partnership) change team dynamics?

Drama

Perspective Taking: Roleplay the 1840 signing from three angles: Governor Hobson, Chief Te Kemara (opposed), and Chief Tamati Waka Nene (supported).

Aromatawai - Assessment

Understanding & Application

  • Principle Comprehension: Clear understanding of partnership, participation, protection
  • Scenario Analysis: Thoughtful application of Treaty principles to contemporary situations
  • Critical Thinking: Ability to analyze how well current systems honor Te Tiriti
  • Personal Connection: Meaningful reflection on personal application

Extension Projects

  • Community Investigation: Research local Treaty applications (river management, council Māori wards)
  • Comparative Analysis: Compare Te Tiriti with other international indigenous treaties
  • Creative Expression: Develop artistic representation of Treaty principles
  • Action Project: Implement Treaty principles in school or community context

Whakamutunga - Lesson Reflection

Today we discovered that Te Tiriti o Waitangi provides a blueprint for respectful relationships that goes far beyond 1840. Its principles of partnership, participation, and protection offer guidance for creating fairness in our families, schools, communities, and nation. Understanding Te Tiriti helps us all contribute to bicultural Aotearoa, regardless of our heritage.

"He whakatōhea" - To be as one people through partnership, not assimilation.

Curriculum alignment

  • Identity, Culture, and Organisation: Understand how cultural identity shapes participation in society — whakapapa, tikanga, and mana as foundations of Māori identity in Aotearoa New Zealand.

šŸ“‹ Kaiako Planning Snapshot

Teacher planning support for this resource — learning intentions, success criteria, and inclusive practice guidance are summarised below.

Inclusion Guidance

  • ESOL / ELL learners: Pre-teach key vocabulary (tiriti, waitangi, partnership) using visual word walls or bilingual glossaries before the lesson. Reduce language load with diagrams and visual models. Partner-share and think-pair-share strategies encouraged.
  • Neurodiverse learners / ADHD: Break the lesson into clear segments with visual checkpoints. UDL principle: offer ākonga a choice in how they demonstrate understanding (verbal, written, visual/drawn). Provide anchor charts or reference cards for unit 1 lesson 4 concepts throughout.
  • Dyslexia: Provide audio-text alternatives for written materials. Use high-contrast fonts and generous line spacing. Allow voice recording as an alternative to written responses where possible.

Curriculum alignment