Statistical Reasoning Seminar · Lesson 1: What is Statistics?

Lesson 1: What is Statistics?: Understanding why data matters and exploring statistics in Aotearoa. Free NZ curriculum resource from Te Kete Ako.

Statistical Reasoning Seminar · Lesson 1

Seminar focus: interrogate a data story

Use the human graph and Stats NZ examples as common texts for a facilitated discussion. Ākonga separate observation from interpretation, challenge assumptions, and revise one claim when the evidence does not support it.

Other teaching approach: Community Data Inquiry Studio →

🎯 Learning Intentions

  • Understand what statistics are and why we use them
  • Recognise the difference between data and information
  • Explore how statistics tell stories about people in Aotearoa

🎥 Media Anchor (8 mins)

Video: Research Skills for Students

  • What makes a statistical question useful for real decision-making?
  • Name one way data can be misread if the question is weak.

1. Hook: Data Detective (10 mins)

What does data tell us about our class?

Activity: Quick class census. Ask 3 questions (e.g., favourite kai, transport to school, iwi affiliation). Create a live human graph.

Ask: "What does this 'picture' tell us that a list of names doesn't?"

2. Concept: The PPDAC Cycle (15 mins)

Introduce the PPDAC Cycle which guides all statistical investigations:

  • Problem (Pātai) - Asking the question
  • Plan (Mahere) - Deciding how to get answers
  • Data (Raraunga) - Collecting information
  • Analysis (Tātari) - Looking for patterns
  • Conclusion (Whakatau) - Answering the question

Metaphor: Like detective work, we need a process to solve the mystery.

3. Exploration: Stats NZ (20 mins)

Activity: Visit the Stats NZ website.

Find one interesting fact about:

  • Population of Aotearoa
  • The environment
  • Māori wellbeing

Discuss: "How does the government use this information to make big decisions?"

4. Reflection (5 mins)

Exit Ticket: Write down one question you have about our school that data could help answer.

(e.g., "Do Year 8s eat healthier lunches than Year 7s?")

Next Lesson: Posing Good Questions →

📋 Teacher Planning Snapshot

Ngā Whāinga Ako — Learning Intentions

Ākonga argue about what statistics is for, working from one dataset the whole class can see.

Ngā Paearu Angitū — Success Criteria

  • ✅ I can say what a statistical question needs in order to be answerable.
  • ✅ I can judge whether a claim someone makes is supported by the data shown.

Differentiation & Inclusion

Scaffold support: A shared dataset displayed large enough for the whole class to argue over. Extension: bring a statistical claim from the news for the class to test.

ELL / ESOL: Statistical vocabulary introduced as the class needs it in the argument, not front-loaded.

Inclusion: Every ākonga states a position before discussion opens, so the confident do not set the frame.

Mātauranga Māori lens: The maramataka is a data system built by generations of recorded observation. This week's question — what is worth investigating — is the same question its keepers answered.

Prior knowledge: Students should have basic familiarity with data displays (bar graphs, dot plots). No prior statistical investigation experience required — the PPDAC inquiry cycle provides accessible scaffolding for first-time investigators.

Curriculum alignment

This lesson develops the Level 4 statistical-investigation objective through a real stage of the PPDAC cycle. See the unit curriculum companion for the exact source statement and lesson-to-evidence map.