Lesson 1: Defining a Socio-Scientific Issue (SSI)

NCEA Level 3 Biology. Students analyse what defines a socio-scientific issue, separating biological science from societal, ethical, and cultural dimensions, writing Portfolio Section 1.

Lesson at a Glance | He Tirohanga Whakamua

Do NowIs 1080 poison dropping a pure science question or a socio-scientific issue?10 min
Anatomy of an SSIDefining the intersection of Biology, Ethics, Law, and Society15 min
Target Issue SelectionEvaluating case study: Gene Drives for Pest Free 2050 vs CRISPR in Medicine15 min
Portfolio EntryWrite Section 1: Issue Selection & Biological Context Statement10 min
Exit CheckFormulate a 1-sentence socio-scientific question for your target issue5 min

Ngā Whāinga Ako | Learning Intentions

Students will know

  • What constitutes a Socio-Scientific Issue (SSI): an open-ended, complex problem based on cutting-edge biological science that has no single consensus answer and impacts society, culture, ethics, and policy.
  • The 5 core dimensions of an NCEA Level 3 SSI: Biological Science, Bioethics, Mātauranga Māori / Tikanga, Economic/Legal Frameworks, and Stakeholder Perspectives.
  • How to formulate a clear, researchable socio-scientific inquiry question for Level 3 Biology.

Students will demonstrate

  • By selecting their target Level 3 Biology topic (e.g. "Should Aotearoa deploy CRISPR gene drives to achieve Pest Free 2050?").
  • By completing Section 1 of their Level 3 Biology Socio-Scientific Report Portfolio.

Do Now | Tīmatanga Whakaaro (10 min)

Science vs Society Prompt:

"Science can tell us HOW to edit the DNA of a possum using CRISPR gene drives. Can science alone tell us SHOULD we release gene-drive possums into native Aotearoa forests?"

Unpack: No! Science provides empirical facts about mechanisms, genetics, and ecology, but deciding whether we SHOULD do it involves human values, bioethics, tikanga Māori, law, economic trade-offs, and societal risk tolerance. That is why it is a Socio-Scientific Issue.

The 5 Dimensions of a Level 3 Socio-Scientific Issue (15 min)

1. Biological Knowledge Base

Genetics, molecular mechanisms, population biology, ecosystem dynamics, or medical physiology underlying the issue.

2. Societal & Ethical Values

Bioethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice) and human rights impact.

3. Te Ao Māori & Tikanga

Kaitiakitanga, taonga species, mauri, tapu, and Treaty of Waitangi (Wai 262) rights.

4. Legal & Economic Frameworks

HSNO Act 1996, EPA regulations, industry economic costs, and government policy constraints.

5. Stakeholder Perspectives

The distinct groups affected by or invested in the issue — scientists, iwi and hapū, industry, government, and the public — who weigh the same evidence against different values and interests.

Target Issue Selection (15 min)

Case Study A: Gene Drives for Pest Free 2050

A population-level intervention: releasing a self-propagating genetic tool into wild possum, rat, or stoat populations to support Aotearoa's 2050 predator-free goal. Raises ecological, regulatory (HSNO Act, EPA), and cultural dimensions because the change is irreversible and affects a shared environment.

Case Study B: CRISPR in Medicine

An individual-level intervention: editing a patient's own genome (somatic) or a heritable line (germline) to treat or prevent disease. Raises bioethical (autonomy, consent), regulatory, and equity-of-access dimensions because the change is contained to a consenting individual or their descendants.

Choose one as your target issue for the rest of this portfolio. Both are genuine socio-scientific issues, but the dimensions that matter most differ: a population-level release raises questions of consent for an entire ecosystem and iwi/hapū as kaitiaki, while a medical application raises questions of informed individual consent and access.

📁 Socio-Scientific Report Portfolio — Section 1: Issue Selection & Context

Students open their Level 3 Biology Portfolio and complete Section 1:

Section 1 Requirements:

1. Target Issue Statement & Inquiry Question: Formulate a clear 1-sentence inquiry question (e.g. "To what extent should Aotearoa utilise CRISPR gene drive technology in invasive mammalian pest control?").

2. Biological Context Summary: Write a 1-paragraph overview detailing the specific biological technology involved and why it has created a societal debate.

3. Initial Dimension Map: Outline the key conflict points across biological, ethical, cultural, economic, and political domains.

Exit Verification | Ka Mutu Hoki (5 min)

Exit Check:

"My Section 1 clearly defines a focused socio-scientific inquiry question and outlines why biological facts alone cannot resolve the issue."

Teacher Planning & NCEA Alignment

NCEA Level 3 Biology Alignment (3 Credits Internal):

  • Socio-Scientific Issues: Integrate biological knowledge to develop an informed response to a socio-scientific issue.
  • Issue Definition: Identify the biological, social, ethical, cultural, and economic dimensions of a contemporary biological debate.

Vocabulary: Socio-scientific issue (SSI), bioethics, gene drive, CRISPR-Cas9, pest eradication, kaitiakitanga, HSNO Act, stakeholder.

Other teaching approach: Guided Viewing & Deliberation →