Resource 5.1B: Indigenous Governance Principles

Whakapapa (Relationships)

Decisions made considering connections between people, land, and future generations. Leadership based on genealogical connections and proven wisdom.

Mana (Authority & Power)

Leadership authority comes from spiritual power, proven capability, and community recognition, not just election or appointment.

Tapu (Sacred Responsibilities)

Some things are sacred and protected. Leaders have sacred responsibilities to protect people, land, and cultural treasures.

Utu (Balance & Justice)

Focus on restoring balance rather than punishment. Restorative justice that heals relationships and communities.

Kotahitanga (Unity)

Decision-making seeks consensus and unity. Leadership works to bring people together, not divide them.

Kaitiakitanga (Guardianship)

Leaders are guardians responsible for protecting resources and ensuring sustainability for future generations.