Resource 4.1A: Te Tiriti o Waitangi - Understanding Two Different Agreements

Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Māori Text)

Article 1: Kāwanatanga

Chiefs give the Queen kāwanatanga (governorship) over their country.

Māori understanding: Governorship over Pākehā settlers, not over Māori.

Article 2: Tino Rangatiratanga

The Queen guarantees Māori tino rangatiratanga (absolute chieftainship) over their lands, villages, and all their treasures.

Māori understanding: Full sovereignty and authority over their own people and resources.

Article 3: Ōrite

The Queen gives Māori the same rights as British subjects.

Māori understanding: Additional protection, not replacement of existing rights.

Treaty of Waitangi (English Text)

Article 1: Sovereignty

Chiefs cede completely to the Queen all the rights and powers of sovereignty.

Crown understanding: Māori give up all political power to British Crown.

Article 2: Property Rights

The Queen guarantees Māori possession of their lands and properties and gives them exclusive right to sell land to the Crown.

Crown understanding: Property rights, but under Crown sovereignty.

Article 3: Protection

The Queen extends to Māori Royal protection and all rights and privileges of British subjects.

Crown understanding: Māori become British subjects under Crown law.

Understanding the Differences

Key Issue: Māori and Crown representatives signed different documents with different meanings!

📚 Teacher Resource Notes

Purpose: Help students compare the English and te reo Māori versions of Te Tiriti to understand the significance of linguistic and legal differences.

Ngā Whāinga Ako — Learning Intentions

Students will engage with this resource to build understanding of systems, governance, and civic action in Aotearoa New Zealand, connecting to Te Ao Māori principles.

Ngā Paearu Angitū — Success Criteria

🌿 Mātauranga Māori Lens

While the English text transferred "sovereignty," the Māori text guaranteed tino rangatiratanga over lands, villages, and treasures. Understanding this difference is central to understanding contemporary Māori political action.

📋 Teacher Planning Snapshot

Differentiation: Provide sentence starters or word banks for students who need scaffold support. Extend capable learners by asking them to find a real-world NZ example connected to this resource. Support ELL students with vocabulary pre-teaching. Adapt for neurodiverse learners by offering choice in how they record their thinking.

Prior knowledge: Best used after the relevant lesson or as an introductory hook. No specialist prior knowledge required.

Curriculum alignment