Stakeholder values, history, and cultural context
Clarity of purpose and relevance derive from stakeholder values, historical influences, and cultural contexts.
Where this is taught:
- Lesson 1 — Empathise: stakeholder listening, user needs, and contextual design decisions.
Measurable specifications and fit-for-purpose judgement
Measurable specifications provide valid criteria for judging how outcomes are fit-for-purpose.
Where this is taught:
- Lesson 2 — Define: ākonga convert user needs into testable specifications.
- Lesson 4 — Prototype: prototypes are measured and audited against those specifications.
Generating, exploring, and refining design ideas
Generating a wide range of design ideas using brainstorming and sketching techniques, exploring different forms and functions, and iteratively refining concepts before selecting them for development.
Where this is taught:
- Lesson 3 — Ideate: divergent brainstorming, labelled sketches, convergent selection, and refinement against constraints.
Evidence-based critique across iterations
Critique uses evidence to justify spatial and product design refinements across iterations.
Where this is taught:
- Lesson 5 — Test and Iterate: ākonga observe user testing, sort feedback, and justify specific refinements with evidence.