This is a print-ready A4 handout.

Introduction to Probability

Understanding the chance of something happening.

The Probability Scale

Impossible

0

Unlikely

Even Chance

0.5 or 1/2

Likely

Certain

1

Calculating Probability

The probability of an event is calculated with this formula:

P(event) = Number of favourable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes

For example, the probability of rolling a 4 on a standard six-sided die is 1/6, because there is one '4' and six possible outcomes in total.

Probability Practice 🎲

1. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, and 2 green marbles.

a) What is the probability of pulling out a blue marble?

b) What is the probability of pulling out a red marble?

c) Is it more likely to pull a red or a blue marble?

2. You spin a spinner with 8 equal sections numbered 1-8.

a) What is the probability of landing on an even number?

b) What is the probability of landing on a number greater than 5?

3. Mark the following events on the probability scale below.

A) You will have homework this week.
B) A coin flip will land on heads.
C) It will snow in Auckland in July.

Impossible Even Chance Certain

📚 NZ Curriculum Alignment

Mathematics & Statistics

Achievement Objective: S4-1

Plan and conduct investigations using the statistical enquiry cycle

Key Competencies

  • • Thinking critically about probability concepts
  • • Using mathematical language and symbols