Visual Literacy: Analysing Political Cartoons
Reading Between the Lines of Visual Texts
Whakataukī | Proverb
"Ko te kai a te rangatira, he kōrero"
The food of chiefs is conversation.
Political cartoons are powerful forms of kōrero (conversation) in our democracy. Like skilled orators in traditional hui, cartoonists use imagery and symbolism to speak truth to power and challenge thinking about important issues affecting our communities.
What is a Political Cartoon?
A political cartoon is a drawing that makes a point about a political issue, event, or person. They are a powerful form of persuasive text, using images and symbols to convey a complex message quickly and effectively. Unlike a written opinion piece, a cartoon uses visual language to make its argument, often relying on humour, satire, or irony to engage the reader. To understand a political cartoon, you need to be a visual detective, decoding the symbols and techniques the artist has used to present their point of view.
Key Techniques Used by Cartoonists
1. Symbolism
Using a simple object or image to stand for a larger idea. For example, a dove might represent peace, a kiwi might represent New Zealand, or a dollar sign might represent the economy.
2. Caricature & Exaggeration
Exaggerating a person's physical features or a situation's characteristics to make a point or for comedic effect. A politician might be drawn with extra-large ears to suggest they are listening to the wrong people.
3. Labelling & Captions
Artists often label objects or people to make their meaning clear. A caption or title can also provide context or state the cartoon's main message directly.
4. Irony & Satire
Using humour, irony, or sarcasm to critique or mock a person or situation. The cartoon might show a situation that is the opposite of what is expected to highlight a flaw or injustice.
Deconstruction & Application
1. Deconstruction: Imagine a cartoon showing a tiny kiwi bird trying to push a giant boulder labelled "Housing Prices" up a steep hill. Identify two techniques the cartoonist is using.
2. Application: What is the main message or argument of the cartoon described above?
3. (Critical Thinking) Sketch a simple political cartoon about the issue of "youth vaping." Think about what symbols you could use for vaping, young people, and health. Briefly explain your cartoon's message.