Best for
Oral language, speech preparation, storytelling analysis, pūrākau study, and local-history or identity-rich inquiry tasks.
English & Social Sciences • Years 8-12 • Ready to use tomorrow
Oral Storytelling Traditions
Help ākonga understand that oral storytelling is not “less formal” than written text. This handout foregrounds pūrākau, whakapapa, and kōrero tuku iho as sophisticated ways of carrying history, values, humour, warning, and identity across generations.
Free oral-language scaffold, premium adaptation path
This handout is ready to teach as-is. If you want a local pūrākau focus, a speech-writing version, or a lower-reading-level support sheet, Te Wānanga can adapt it while keeping the oral-language and cultural framing intact.
- Swap in local stories, iwi history, or school oral-language contexts.
- Generate speech, kōrero, or debate-preparation variants from the same core ideas.
- Save adapted resources and reopen them later in My Kete or Creation Studio.
Kaiako planning snapshot
- Time: 1 lesson for comparison and planning, or 2 lessons if students also rehearse a retelling or speech.
- Grouping: Whole-class unpacking first, then pairs or small groups for retelling, rehearsal, or analysis.
- Prep: Bring one oral text, pūrākau, speech clip, or local story excerpt to model with the handout.
All key resources are already provided
- Comparison guide for oral vs written storytelling
- Retelling scaffold and language prompts
- Self-check for rehearsal and delivery
Ngā Whāinga Akoranga / Learning Intentions
- We are learning how oral storytelling carries knowledge, values, and identity.
- We are learning how repetition, voice, gesture, and structure shape oral meaning.
- We are learning how to prepare and deliver spoken stories or kōrero with purpose.
Paearu Angitu / Success Criteria
- I can explain at least two features of oral storytelling.
- I can plan or perform a short retelling with a clear audience in mind.
- I can connect oral storytelling to culture, memory, or community knowledge.
Curriculum integration / Te Marautanga alignment
This handout supports oral language, text interpretation, and cultural-context learning. Use the linked curriculum companion to make those teaching intentions explicit in planning and reporting.
Why oral storytelling matters
Long before writing was widespread, knowledge travelled through voice. In te ao Māori, kōrero tuku iho, pūrākau, and whakapapa preserve histories, relationships, warnings, humour, and values. Oral storytelling is therefore not a lesser form of literacy — it is one of its oldest and deepest forms.
When ākonga learn oral storytelling traditions, they are learning how language lives in bodies, breath, memory, and audience connection, not only on a page.
What makes oral storytelling powerful?
Voice
Meaning changes through tone, pace, pause, emphasis, and volume.
Repetition
Repeated lines or phrases help memory and add rhythm, emphasis, and emotional weight.
Audience awareness
Oral storytellers shape how they speak depending on who is listening and why the story is being told.
Gesture and presence
Body language, facial expression, and stance can support the meaning of the spoken words.
Oral and written storytelling compared
- Oral storytelling often relies on: repetition, rhythm, audience interaction, gesture, and memory cues.
- Written storytelling often relies on: punctuation, paragraphing, visual layout, and silent reading.
- Both can carry: character, setting, tension, worldview, and message.
Retelling scaffold
- The story or kōrero I am retelling is: _____________________________
- The key message or lesson is: _________________________________
- The important events or beats are: _____________________________
- The words or lines I want to repeat are: _______________________
- The tone I want to use is: _____________________________________
- The audience should feel or understand: ________________________
Useful oral-language prompts
- To open: Let me tell you about... / Long before us... / What happened next changed everything...
- To build rhythm: Again and again... / Each time... / And still...
- To connect with listeners: You can imagine... / We still remember... / This matters because...
Self-check before performing or sharing
- I know the key message or lesson of the story.
- I can explain why one phrase, image, or repeated line matters.
- I have practised where I will pause, slow down, or emphasise words.
- I have thought about how my audience should respond or feel.
Tautoko / Support
- Let students retell only one part of a story rather than the full narrative.
- Provide a repeated line or phrase for them to build around.
- Practise in pairs before any whole-class sharing.
Whakawhānui / Extend
- Compare how the same story changes when told orally versus written down.
- Adapt a local event or family story into a short spoken performance.
- Analyse the oral techniques in a speech, kōrero, or spoken-word performance.
Whānau / Hapori connection
Invite students to ask at home about a family story, memorable saying, or local kōrero that has been passed on orally. That helps them see oral storytelling as something still alive in whānau and community, not just a historical idea.
Hononga Marautanga · Curriculum Alignment
Social Sciences — Tikanga ā-Iwi
Level 3–4: Investigate social, cultural, environmental, and economic questions; gather and evaluate evidence from diverse sources; communicate findings and reasoning clearly for different audiences and purposes.
English — Communication
Level 3–4: Read, interpret, and evaluate information texts; write clearly and purposefully for specific audiences; apply critical thinking skills to evaluate sources and construct well-reasoned responses.
Aronga Mātauranga Māori
This resource sits within a kaupapa that recognises mātauranga Māori as a living knowledge system with its own frameworks, values, and ways of understanding the world. The New Zealand Curriculum calls for learning that reflects the bicultural partnership of Te Tiriti o Waitangi, which means every subject area has an obligation to engage authentically with Māori perspectives — not as cultural decoration but as substantive contributions to how we understand our topics. The concepts of manaakitanga (care for others), kaitiakitanga (guardianship), whanaungatanga (relationship and belonging), and tino rangatiratanga (self-determination) provide a values framework applicable across all learning areas, and all are relevant to the work in this handout.
Tuhia ōu whakaaro · Write Your Thoughts
Reflect on your learning. What was the most important idea? What question do you still have?
Ngā Rauemi Tautoko · Support Materials
This handout is designed to be used alongside the broader unit resources available at Te Kete Ako handouts library. Related resources from the same unit are linked in the unit planner. All resources are provided — no additional preparation is required to use this handout in your classroom.
📋 Teacher Planning Snapshot
Ngā Whāinga Ako — Learning Intentions
Students will engage with this resource to deepen understanding of Te Ao Māori — exploring whakapapa, tikanga, and cultural identity as living systems that shape who we are in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Ngā Paearu Angitū — Success Criteria
- ✅ Students can explain key concepts from this resource using their own words.
- ✅ Students can connect tikanga Māori and whakapapa to real-world examples in Aotearoa.
Differentiation & Inclusion
Scaffold support: Provide sentence starters, visual glossaries, or graphic organisers to give entry-level access for students who need additional support. Offer extension tasks that deepen cultural inquiry — for example, exploring local hapū histories or interviewing a kaumātua.
ELL / ESOL: Pre-teach key kupu Māori (whakapapa, tikanga, mana, mauri) with bilingual glossaries where available. Allow students to respond in their home language as a bridge to English expression.
Inclusion: Use accessible formats — clear headings, adequate whitespace, chunked tasks. Neurodiverse learners benefit from structured choice in how they demonstrate understanding (oral, visual, written). Acknowledge that students may hold personal connections to the cultural content.
Mātauranga Māori lens: This unit centres Te Ao Māori as a living knowledge system. Whakapapa is not merely genealogy but a relational framework linking people, place, and time. Tikanga grounds behaviour in kaupapa Māori principles. Approach content with aroha and manaakitanga.
Prior knowledge: No specialist prior knowledge required for entry-level engagement. Best used after relevant lesson sequences, or as a standalone introduction to cultural identity.
Curriculum alignment
- Identity, Culture, and Organisation: Understand how cultural identity shapes participation in society — whakapapa, tikanga, and mana as foundations of Māori identity in Aotearoa New Zealand.