Kea: The World's Only Alpine Parrot
The kea (*Nestor notabilis*) is a species of large parrot found in the forested and alpine regions of the South Island of New Zealand. Renowned for its intelligence and curiosity, the kea is one of the most unique birds in the world. Measuring up to 48 cm in length and weighing up to 1 kg, its plumage is primarily olive-green, with a brilliant flash of orange-red under its wings. This striking feature is most visible when the bird is in flight. Kea are social birds and typically live in groups of up to 15 individuals.
Unlike most parrots that prefer tropical climates, the kea has adapted to survive in a harsh alpine environment. Its diet is omnivorous and highly varied, including roots, leaves, berries, nectar, insects, and carrion. This adaptability is a key factor in its survival. Kea possess a strong, curved beak, which is not only used for cracking nuts but also for digging, manipulating objects, and exploring its environment. Scientific studies have demonstrated the kea's remarkable problem-solving abilities, with some researchers comparing its intelligence to that of a young primate. They are known to work together to achieve a common goal and can solve complex puzzles to obtain food.
The conservation status of the kea is currently listed as 'Nationally Endangered'. The wild population is estimated to be between 3,000 and 7,000 individuals. The primary threats to the species include predation by introduced mammals such as stoats and possums, which prey on eggs and chicks in their nests. Historically, kea were also persecuted by farmers who believed they attacked sheep. A government-sponsored bounty system resulted in the deaths of an estimated 150,000 kea before it was abolished in 1970. Today, conservation efforts focus on predator control and scientific research to better understand and protect this iconic New Zealand species.